i think Polite manners is most important for children to learn from their parents most of all, they can expand their network from my experience, when i was in elemantary school, my parents talled me about polite manners so i can talk more easily with grown man and i can expand my network on that top, they can make friendly atmosphere according to resecnt news, the majority of experts at pollite said that learning polite manner can make frienly atmosphere because people usually attacted by good manners therefore i think learning polite manners is important

3,4

Formal suit walking up the stair / 계단을 오르다 hand over : 전해주다. 손으로 넘기는 느낌

7

i'm streesed these day, it relives me

9

it will be held at summit convention center on april 4th to 5th

발화자 1 (00:00) Text on the screen, you will have 45 seconds to prepare. Then you will have 35 seconds to read the text aloud begin preparing now.

발화자 1 (00:57) Begin reading aloud now.

발화자 2 (01:00) Welcome, welcome to the Parkside public library for our monthly meet. A thorough program at DC band professional writers shared their last work with the public this afternoon. We are hosting a fiction writer, a magazine editor and biographer, and be sure to stay until the end, a surprise guest will join us

2

발화자 1 (02:36) Begin reading aloud now.

발화자 2 (02:40) In today's podcast, we are going to talk about growing fresh and tasty cucumbers at home specially, we will discuss how to plant take care of harvest cucumber efficien, effectively. Additionary. Emma Peterson, a rocker chief will share with us an easy and delicious left pee that features cucumber as the main in Gradient

3

발화자 1 (03:28) In this part of the test, you will describe the picture on your screen in as much detail as you can, you will have 45 seconds to prepare your response. Then you will have 30 seconds to split speak about the picture begin preparing now.

발화자 3 (04:31) Begin speaking now.

발화자 2 (04:34) I think this picture taken at park the first thing I can see there is a boy skating. He's wearing a black jacket and blue thing on the left side of the picture. There are 3 girls talking something the next phobook, then there are 2 boys sitting at the bench.

4

발화자 1 (05:07) Begin preparing now.

발화자 3 (05:55) Begin speaking now.

발화자 2 (05:58) The first thing I can see there, uh, 2 people sitting at off chair right side of the picture. There is a man playing guitar. He wearing a black jacket and left side of the picture I can see old lady pointing on guitar. on the table, There are two plants.

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발화자 1 (06:31) In this case, you will answer 3 questions you will have 3 seconds to prepare after you hear each question. You will have 15 seconds to respond to questions 5 and 6 and 30 seconds to respond to question 7.

발화자 4 (06:50) Imagine that AUS lifestyle magazine firm is conducting research in your country, you have agreed to participate in a telephone interview about cleaning. How often do you clean your house and where is the first place you clean?

발화자 1 (07:04) Begin preparing now.

발화자 3 (07:09) Begin speaking now.

발화자 2 (07:13) Normally i clean my house almost everyday. my first place. I clean living room because living room is huge.

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발화자 4 (07:30) Where do you usually get information about new cleaning products and why?

발화자 1 (07:35) Begin preparing now.

발화자 3 (07:41) Begin speaking now.

발화자 2 (07:44) I usually get information about new cleaning product on the internet because it's I can get information anytime and anywhere.

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발화자 4 (08:02) When purchasing cleaning products, which factor is most important to you? How could they smell how safe they are? How effective they are.

발화자 1 (08:11) Begin preparing now.

발화자 3 (08:17) Begin speaking now.

발화자 2 (08:19) I think how effective they are is the most important first. If product is effective, I can learn fast and use Italy. Also, there is another benefit if the product is effective I can clean more better

8

발화자 1 (08:53) In this part of the past, you will answer 3 questions based on the information provided you will have 45 sections to read the information before the questions begin. You will have 3 seconds to prepare and 15 seconds to respond to question 8 in you will hear question 102 times You will have 3 seconds to prepare and 30 seconds to respond to question 10, begin preparing now.

발화자 5 (10:10) Hi, I'm the assistant to the director of the engineering department and I understand you're working on the schedule to hire new Engineers. My boss asked me for details about the schedule. When will the second round interviews take place and who will conduct them 안녕하세요. 저는 엔지니어링 부서장의 보좌관입니다. 귀하가 새로운 엔지니어를 채용하기 위해 일정에 맞춰 일하고 있는 것으로 알고 있습니다. 상사가 나에게 일정에 대해 자세히 물어봤다. 2차 면접은 언제 진행되며 누가 진행하나요? 발화자 1 (10:26) Begin preparing now.

발화자 3 (10:32) Begin speaking now.

발화자 2 (10:34) It will be held on March sorry, one department managers will do the interview.

9

발화자 5 (10:53) The office supplies for the new employees will not be ready until the end of March. Will this cause any issues? 신입사원을 위한 사무용품은 3월 말까지 준비되지 않을 예정입니다. 이로 인해 문제가 발생합니까? 발화자 1 (10:59) Begin preparing now.

발화자 3 (11:05) Begin speaking now.

발화자 2 (11:08) Actually, reivew and interview. We will end on March 31, so there is no problem

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발화자 5 (11:26) Could you tell me how we are planning to promote the job openings for engineers?

발화자 3 (11:44) Begin speaking now.

발화자 2 (11:46) Okay, first, March from fourth and ninth, the first it's the worst thing 1 top 3 social media platform next March ninth, there is a promotion japair, eto Harrington university campus and Oakland conversion center.

11

발화자 1 (12:20) In this part of the test, you will give your opinion about a specific topic. Be sure to say as much as you can in the time allowed you will have 30 seconds to prepare. Then you will have 60 seconds to speak.

발화자 6 (12:35) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Businesses could be successful without advertising their services or products give reasons or examples to support your opinion.

발화자 1 (12:47) Begin preparing now.

발화자 3 (13:35) Begin speaking now.

발화자 2 (13:39) I'm disagree with this statement. Let me explain why I think this way. First, if they they do some kind of advertising, there will be some advantage from my experience when I was high school, My class, we are planning to my class planning to some shop. Do some audible thizing. It was great because there are so many customers and guests come to our shop. According to a recent newspaper, the majority of experts at advertising. It will be good for their company work

발화자 2 (00:16) Begin preparing now.

발화자 3 (00:19) I think this picture taken at the airport, the first thing I can see they're all the woman and one of them in the middle of the picture. There is a woman hoarding carrier and walking teeth on earth.

발화자 4 (01:04) Begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (01:07) I think this picture taken at airport, the first thing I can see, there's a lot of people waiting their flight. One of them is a the middle of the picture I can see the woman is walking and holding her carrier. She is wearing a black shirt and black thing and she wearing her glasses

발화자 2 (01:39) Begin preparing now.

발화자 3 (01:43) I think this picture taken at cafe first thing I can see is Walmart smiling.

발화자 4 (02:27) Begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (02:29) I think this picture taken at cafe, the first thing I can see there is a woman wearing moment, smiling teya orthma, or wearing of glasses, enturing one of them.

발화자 4 (02:58) Begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (03:02) I think this picture taken at cafe. The first thing I can see there is a woman 3 woman smiling. They're wearing a table glasses on the table in the middle of the picture there is a table on fly on the plane and I'm playing The Box.

발화자 3 (03:25) 1 of 10 is his tattoo is shoulder.

발화자 1 (03:33) In this part of the test, you will answer 3 questions for each question, you will have 3 seconds to prepare your response, then you will have 15 seconds to respond to question 5 and 6 and 30 seconds to respond to question 7.

발화자 5 (03:49) Imagine an American marketing firm is doing research in your country. You have agreed to participate in a telephone interview about online games. When was the last time you played an online game, did you play the game on your smartphone or a computer?

발화자 2 (04:05) Begin preparing now.

발화자 3 (04:08) The last time I prayed

발화자 4 (04:10) Begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (04:14) The last time I play online game yesterday. I play the game on my smartphone.

발화자 5 (04:31) Do you prefer to play online games alone or with friends?

발화자 2 (04:34) Begin preparing now.

발화자 4 (04:40) Begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (04:43) I prefer to play online games with my friends. Because it's more fun to do something with my friends.

발화자 5 (05:00) If you were playing a new online game, would you read instructions or tips on its official website before playing the game? Why or why not?

발화자 2 (05:09) Begin preparing now.

발화자 4 (05:15) Begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (05:18) Actually, I don't like the interact section. I don't lead introduction and tips, because it can be a some kind of spoiler. Also, the first time II play the your line game, each monk is some kind of feeling in my heart.

발화자 1 (05:51) In this part of the test, you will answer 3 questions based on the information provided, you will have 45 seconds to read the information before the questions begin for each question. You will have 3 seconds to prepare your response. You will have 15 seconds to respond to questions 8 and 9 and 30 seconds to respond to question 10

발화자 2 (06:14) Begin preparing now.

발화자 5 (07:02) Hi, I'm planning to attend the summer film festival held in August but I don't have a schedule with me. So can I ask a few questions about the festival?

발화자 6 (07:13) On what date will the film festival be held? And what time does it start?

발화자 2 (07:20) Begin preparing now.

발화자 4 (07:25) Begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (07:28) It will be held about 15th, and it will start at 9 AM.

발화자 6 (07:45) I'm afraid I have to leave after 4 PM. Will I miss anything if I leave at 4 PM?

발화자 2 (07:52) Begin preparing now.

발화자 4 (07:58) Begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (08:01) Actually, the summer film festival and it 4 PM, so I think you don't miss anything.

발화자 6 (08:18) I'd like to know all the details of the movies directed by Louis Cooper. Can you tell me about the movies directed by him?

발화자 1 (08:26) Now listen again.

발화자 6 (08:29) I'm going to all the details of the movies directed by Lewis Cooper, can you tell me about the movies directed by him?

발화자 2 (08:37) Begin preparing now.

발화자 4 (08:43) Begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (08:46) Okay, there are 2 movies filmed by Luis Cooper, first from 10:30 AM to noon. The movie Black Mountain filmed by Louis Cooper ardent, w**** next 230 to 4 PM. The movie secret diary films Luis Cooper at Williams at home

발화자 1 (09:17) In this part of the test, you will give your opinion about a specific topic. Be sure to say as much as you can in the time allowed you will have 45 seconds to prepare your response. Then you will have 60 seconds to speak.

발화자 5 (09:34) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should spend more money on environmental protection rather than economic development. Give specific reasons and details to support your opinions

발화자 2 (09:49) Begin preparing now.

발화자 3 (09:52) I think Goma should spend more money on environmental protection. Let me explain YI think this way, most of all, if governments should spend more money on environment production, we can protect our environment. If environment it's better, we can keep power child more clean.

발화자 4 (10:37) Begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (10:41) I think governments should spend more money on environment production. Let me explain why I think this way. If government should spend more money on Em environment protection, it can be weekend, protect our environment because we have to give our child more clean environment According to recent news, it's getting worth our environment.

발화자 3 (11:26) So if governments should spend more money to protect our environment, it will be good for our Earth.

[출처] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZZvBoU5n9Y&t=6892s

발화자 1 (00:02) You will describe the picture on the screen in as much detail as you can, you will have 45 seconds to prepare your response? Then you will have 30 seconds to speak about the picture.

발화자 2 (01:03) Begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (01:05) This picture taken indoors. The first thing I can see from this picture is 2 people is vending one of them is a man. He's a holding a box and wearing off glasses, the other is a woman and she holding off. She is holding off tablet, the background of the picture there are a lot of boxes

3

발화자 2 (01:38) Begin preparing now.

발화자 2 (02:26) Begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (02:28) Is picture taken at shop The first thing I can see there are 2 people shopping one of them is a woman a wearing a yellow shirt. She is holding black plum and the other is a child in the background of the picture, there are a lot of fruit.

4

발화자 1 (03:00) In this part of the test, you will answer 3 questions for each question. You will have 3 seconds to prepare your response. Then you will have 15 seconds to respond to question 5 and 6 in 30 seconds to respond to question 7 imagine that a marketing company is doing research in your country.

발화자 1 (03:21) You have agreed to participate in a telephone interview about social media. Do you use social media regularly? Why do you use it

5

발화자 2 (03:31) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (03:39) I use social media almost everyday, because it's fun and and there are a lot of information I can get a lot of information.

6

발화자 1 (03:58) What kind of social media do people in your country normally use? Why is that?

발화자 2 (04:04) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (04:13) In Korea, the people using people use Instagram because is popura and people like it.

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발화자 1 (04:30) When you choose a social media application to use which of the following influences your decision the most, how popular it is, whether your friends use it or not, how convenient it is.

발화자 2 (04:45) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (04:54) I think whether my friends use it or not is most important first. If my friend uses it. I can speak, I can talk about something on social media Also, they're all, it's more fun Do something with my friend

i can comunicate with my friends better if they use it also i think it's more fun to do thing in a group.

8

발화자 1 (05:27) In this part of the test, you will answer 3 questions based on the information provided, you will have 45 seconds to read the information before the questions begin for each question. You will have 3 seconds to prepare your response. You will have 15 seconds to respond to questions 8 and 9 and 30 seconds to respond to question 10

발화자 2 (05:50) Begin preparing now.

발화자 1 (06:38) Hi, I'm planning to attend the wildlife mammal nutrition seminar. But unfortunately, I haven't received the schedule so I'm hoping you can answer some of my questions regarding the seminar. Where does the seminar take place and what time does it start.

발화자 2 (06:54) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (07:02) It will start at 10 AM at Maxwell conference center on June 13th.

it will start at 10am and it will be held ~~

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발화자 1 (07:19) I'm presenting the benefits of fruit free diets for mammals at 10 AM. But I'm afraid I might not be able to finish by 11 AM. It's because I have too many materials to cover, is it possible for me to use another hour?

발화자 2 (07:33) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (07:41) No I think you should come 1 PM because 11 at 11 there. We're supposed to speak about effect of course chasing, but it has been canceled.

yes you can

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발화자 1 (07:59) I'm very interested in the role of vitamins and I want to learn more about them at the seminar. Can you give me all the details of the sessions related to the role of vitamins? Now listen again, I'm very interested in the role of vitamins and I want to learn more about them at the seminar, can you give me all the details of the sessions related to the role of vitamins?

발화자 2 (08:21) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (08:30) Okay, there are 2 seminar in this center from 1 PM to 2 PM, so similar about the role of vitamin D in memory diet next 3 PM to 4 PM. The similar about the rule of the Aurora of vitamins in animal nutrition.

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발화자 1 (09:01) In this part of the test, you will give your opinion about a specific topic. Be sure to say as much as you can in the time allowed you will have 45 seconds to prepare your response. Then you will have 60 seconds to speak Some people say having a job that you like is more likely to earn you more money.

발화자 1 (09:23) Do you agree or disagree with this opinion? Why or why not give specific reasons and details to support your opinions?

발화자 2 (09:32) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (10:22) I agree with this sentiment. Let me explain why I think this way most of all, They can enjoy their job from my experience when I was do a part-time job , my job is some kind of um serving. I like to talk somebody so i can enjoy my job. According to a recent report, the majority of experts in Korea says that More fun in their job because it's fun.

I agree with this statement
Let me explain why I think this way most of all, They can enjoy their job from my experience when I was do a part-time job , my job is some kind of um serving. I like to talk somebody so i can enjoy my job. According to a recent report, the majority of experts in Korea says that More fun in their job because it's fun.

[출처] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZZvBoU5n9Y&t=6892s

발화자 1 (00:02) In this part of the past, you will read aloud, the text on the screen. You will have 45 seconds to prepare. Then you will have 45 seconds to read the text aloud

발화자 2 (01:01) Begin reading aloud now.

발화자 3 (01:05) Good morning, this is a traffic report for today. There will be congestion on route two, So We Will See Some Delays in the West Victoria. drivers are advised to detour through city downtown, East boulevard or highway 3, if you want more update on your commute, please stay tuned.

2

발화자 2 (02:25) Begin reading aloud now.

발화자 3 (02:28) Welcome to the first competition in Lincoln Park. The park offers great sports facilities for visitors. sports games will be held on the basketball court. The Tennis court and in the baseball field throughout the day the basketball game will start in a minute. Let's give a big log over up. Play use for the players.

3

발화자 1 (03:01) In this part of the test, you will describe the picture on the screen in as much detail as you can, you will have 45 seconds to prepare your response? Then you will have 30 seconds to speak about the picture.

발화자 2 (03:15) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (04:06) This is a picture taken a shop. The first thing I can see there are 3 people smiling. They are woman and one of them is wearing a black cap the others is wearing a casual cloth the on the left side of picture, There are some clothes.

this is a picture taken outdoors the first thing i can see from this picture is 3 women shooping in the middle of the picture, there is a woman looking at anther woman. Next to her, i can see a woman wearing a hat and sunglasses. on the right side of the picture, i can see a woman holding a jacket and looking at it. All of them are smiling.

4

발화자 2 (04:38) Begin preparing now.

발화자 2 (05:26) Begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (05:28) Is this picture taken at indoors. the first thing I can see from this picture is a man using hammer he is wearing a couple of the glasses and he holding up, he hold a hammer. The background of the picture there are white wall. It seems like he is working

this picture taken indoors. the first thing i can see from this picture is a man holding a hammer he is wearing protective glasses, gloves and a checkered shirt he is nailing a piece of lumber on table and he is holding it. overall, it seems like he is busy working.

5

발화자 1 (06:00) In this part of the test, you will answer 3 questions for each question, you will have 3 seconds to prepare your response. Then you will have 15 seconds to respond to question 5 and 6 and 30 seconds to respond to question 7, imagine that a lifestyle magazine is preparing an article. You have agreed to participate in a telephone interview about flowers and gardening.

발화자 1 (06:26) When was the last time you planted flowers in a garden and what is your favorite flower?

발화자 2 (06:33) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (06:42) The last time I plant the flower last year. My favorite flower is rose.

the last time i planted the flowers in a garden was two weeks a go and my favorite flowers is the rose.

6

발화자 1 (06:59) Do you have your own garden in your home? Why or why not?

발화자 2 (07:07) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (07:15) I don't have my own garden because I'm student and I'm busy with my schoolwork. I can't have my own garden.

it makes me happy and i can forget about my worries yes, i have my own gardens in my home because i like flowers very musch and it makes me happy.

7

발화자 1 (07:33) If you had to learn about how to grow flowers or gardening, what do you think would be more efficient searching the internet, taking a class?

발화자 2 (07:45) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (07:54) i think Searching the internet internet is most important. first, There are a lot of information that's information is useful. Also I can ask a question to expert at flowers or gardening

if i had to learn about how to grow flowers or gardening, i think searching the internet would be more efficient. First, i can get a lot of useful information about flowers and gardening on the internet. Also, i can get infomation about gardening anytime anywhere on my smartphone if i search the internet

i can get the inforamation any time anywhere

8

발화자 1 (08:26) In this part of the test, you will answer 3 questions based on the information provided, you will have 45 seconds to read the information before the questions begin for each question. You will have 3 seconds to prepare your response. You will have 15 seconds to respond to questions 8 and 9 and 30 seconds to respond to question 10

발화자 2 (08:49) Begin preparing now.

발화자 4 (09:37) Hello I am supposed to attend the technology seminar for new employees, but I'm afraid I don't have enough information about it. Can I ask a few questions about the seminar? I was told that one of my colleagues, Ginny Frank is giving a speech at this seminar, can you tell me what time she will give a speech in the title of the session?

발화자 2 (09:59) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (10:07) It will start at 9 AM profession is how to use video editing software by Jenny, Frank.

it will start a 9am and the title of the speech is how to use video editing software.

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발화자 4 (10:24) I have a video conference with my client at 3 PM. So I'm afraid I have to leave after 3 PM. Will I miss any of the seminars

발화자 2 (10:35) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (10:44) From 3 to 4 PM, there is a useful tips for window user fashion by Janet Maurice. I think you miss this session.

Yes, from 3pm to 4pm there is a session about useful tips for window user by jannet morris. so you will miss that session

10

발화자 4 (11:01) I'm highly interested in learning how to use video editing software. Can you tell me about sessions that especially deals with video editing software?

발화자 1 (11:10) Now listen again.

발화자 4 (11:12) I'm highly interested in learning how to use video editing software. Can you tell me about sessions that especially deals with video editing software?

발화자 2 (11:22) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (11:30) Yes, there are 2 sessions from 9 to 10 AM the session about how to use video editing subters by Jenny Frank end, there are another fission from 11 AM to noon profession about advanced function of video editing software by Shirley Brett.

11

발화자 1 (12:02) In this part of the test, you will give your opinion about a specific topic. Be sure to say as much as you can in the time allowed you will have 45 seconds to prepare your response. Then you will have 60 seconds to speak what are the disadvantages of being a leader of a team?

발화자 1 (12:22) Use specific examples and details to support your opinions.

발화자 2 (12:28) Begin preparing now.

발화자 3 (12:32) I need to explain why I think if we most of all rington, help this advantage of time cause they spend a lot of time time theme. Chuck from my experience 4 time zha.

발화자 2 (13:15) Begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (13:22) Let me explain why think this way. there are some a disadvantage of being a leader of team. Let me explain why I think this way, most of all, leaders can't have their own time because they're spending too much time to to do their work from my experience, I used to do a part-time job, my manager, he's a leader of team. I think it was hard time to him because he can not spend his own time

it is very distracting for S so S can't foucus on their studies/work it's waste of time they will fall behind in class they can't get good grades at school

there are some disadvantage of being a leader of team let me explain why i thik this way most of all, it's a waste of time and it is very distracting from my experience

[출처] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZZvBoU5n9Y&t=6892s

발화자 1 (00:01) I'm Brian Kim with today's local news Spring City festival will be held at the central park located in center of the city. All the residents are encouraged to bring their family members. The festival will offer interactive games live musics prepared for everyone attending the festival, please don't hesitate to sign up on our official website.

발화자 2 (00:43) Begin preparing now.

발화자 1 (00:46) Thank you so much for joining me here in this conference today. Our goal is to discuss how to encourage teamwork. Our discussion is about how to create a great working environment train new employees and motivate our team members, I hope this will be a great opportunity for all of us.

발화자 1 (01:10) I would literally appreciate it if you could fill out a questionnaire after the compress. Thank you Go to the air.

발화자 3 (01:23) And motivate, our team members

발화자 1 (01:27) I hope this.

발화자 3 (01:28) It will be great opportunity.

발화자 2 (01:31) Begin reading aloud now.

2

발화자 1 (01:34) Thank you so much for joining me here in this conference today today. Our goal is to discuss how to encourage teamwork. Our discussion is about how to create a great decision working in biomass train new employees and motivate our team members, I hope this will be great opportunity for all of us. I would really appreciate it. If you could fill out a questionnaire after the conference, thank you.

3

발화자 4 (02:21) In this part of the test, you will describe the picture on the screen in as much detail as you can, you will have 45 seconds to prepare your response? Then you will have 30 seconds to speak about the picture.

발화자 2 (02:36) Begin preparing now.

발화자 1 (03:26) I think this picture taken at Subway. first thing I can see there are 3 people standing on the left side of the picture, I can see from this picture is a guy singing with guitar the right side of the picture I can see from this picture is Couple walking

this is a picture taken at a subway station. the first thing i can see from this picture is a man performing music perfoming music, watch the performance he is playing the guitar and singing. in front of him, i can see a guitar case. on the right side of the picture i can see two people watching the performance. one of them is a man. he is wearing a cap. the other is a woman and she is wearing black clothes. <- 근데 좀 길다.

4

발화자 2 (03:58) Begin preparing now. 발화자 2 (04:46) Begin speaking now.

발화자 1 (04:48) I think I think this picture taken an outdoor. the first thing I can see there are 5 people. on the right side of the picture, I can see a man bake a meat. on the next of him ,there is standing woman with holding glass on the left side of the picture, I can see the 2 people sitting at the desk. and between sitting people there is a man standing.

this picture taken outdoors. in the middle of the picture, i can see a man friling meat(on a barbeque grill) next to him, there is a woman holding a glass. on the left side of the picture, i can see some people one of them is standing and the rest of them are sitting at a table. on the table, i can see a bottlel and glasses

5

발화자 4 (05:21) In this part of the test, you will answer 3 questions for each question. You will have 3 seconds to prepare your response. Then you will have 15 seconds to respond to question 5 and 6 and 30 seconds to respond to question 7 imagine that a marketing company is doing research in your country.

발화자 4 (05:42) You have agreed to participate in a telephone interview about washing clothes. How often do you wash your clothes? What time of the day do you usually wash your clothes

발화자 2 (05:54) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 1 (06:02) I you, I usually wash my close once a week. I usually wash my clothes at night time.

6

발화자 4 (06:21) Do you prefer to wash clothes in a washing machine or by hand?

발화자 2 (06:26) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 1 (06:34) I prefer to wash my clothes motion machine because it's convenient and it's fist.

I prefer to wash my clothes in a washing machine because i can save time i'm a student so i don't have much time.

7

발화자 4 (06:52) When you purchase a washing machine, which of the following do you consider the most? Whether it is easy to use capacity Eco friendliness?

발화자 2 (07:05) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

환경 친화성 it's good for the environment Pollution is a serious ussue these days. it can makae a cleaner enviroment We will be able to protect the environment

i think/consider eco friendliness is most important First, it's good for the environment. Also, it's feel like protect the enviroment

i think/consider eco friendliness is most important because it's good for the environment. pollution is a serious problem these days. if i use an eco friendly washing machine, i will be able to protect the enviroment and it can make a cleaner environment.

8

발화자 4 (07:46) In this part of the test, you will answer 3 questions based on the information provided, you will have 45 seconds to read the information before the questions begin for each question. You will have 3 seconds to prepare your response. You will have 15 seconds to respond to questions 8 and 9 and 30 seconds to respond to question 10

발화자 2 (08:10) Begin preparing now.

발화자 5 (08:58) Hello, I'm an HR manager at Sullivan company and I'm going to interview several applicants tomorrow. Unfortunately, I think I've lost my interview schedule. Can you give me some details about the interviews, what time does the interview start?

발화자 5 (09:14) And where will it be held?

발화자 2 (09:17) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 1 (09:26) It will start at 9 AM. Conference Room 105 is the place.

the interview will start at 9am and it will be held in Conference Room 105

9

발화자 5 (09:43) I heard there are 2 applicants applying for sales representative position. Is that right?

발화자 2 (09:50) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 1 (09:58) No, actually there are one people from 11 to 1120. There was supposed to interview with Luna Mathew. but it has been canceled

No, actually, there is one interview there were supposed to be two applicants, but one of the interviews has been canceled.

10

발화자 5 (10:15) We are planning to hire several accountants so I want to know about details about the applicants who applied for the accounted position. Can you tell me about them?

발화자 2 (10:38) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 1 (10:47) Yes, first 10 from 10 to 10 12 20 African Adrian interview with Adrian Murphy, he worked at primal counting next 1130 to 1115 play. The interview with Gloria bear will be heard now position business focus.

yes, there are two applicants(applying for the accountant position) First From 10 to 10:20, there is an interview with adrian murphy from Prime Acc~ Next, From 11:30 to 11:50, there is an interview with Gloria Bell from Business Focus

전치사 주의

1. 어떤 사람이 진행 by 사람
2. 함꼐 진행 with 사람
3. 소속 회사 From 회사

11

발화자 4 (11:19) In this part of the test, you will give your opinion about a specific topic. Be sure to say as much as you can in the time allowed you will have 45 seconds to prepare your response. Then you will have 60 seconds to speak, do you think it is more beneficial to watch TV rather than reading books or magazines when people get information? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

발화자 2 (11:49) Begin preparing. 발화자 2 (12:37) Begin speaking now.

기술 관련한 만능문장

1) 장점 They can get a lot of useful information, latest information in the internet

they can get information using anytime anywhere in their smartphone.

2) 단점 There is a lot of inaccurate information in the internet so it's not reliable

답변

TV가 책보다 정보 얻기가 편하다에 동의하지 않는다.

1. 책에 유용한 정보가 더 많다.
2. 책이 더 믿을만하다. TV의 일부 정보는 믿을 수 없다.

i don't think it is more benefucual to watch TV rather than reading books or magazines. Let me explain why i think this way. most of all, i can get more useful information from books rather than TV From my experience, when i was high school, i got a lot of useful info from book about math, science But i didnt get enough iniformation from tv on top of that, books are more reliable. according to recent new, the majority of expert in korea said books are more reliable. because there is some inaccurate info on tv programs so it's not reliable.

[출처] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZZvBoU5n9Y

3번

발화자 1 (00:02) You will describe the picture on the screen in as detail as you can, you will have 45 seconds to prepare your response? Then you will have 30 seconds to speak about the picture.

발화자 2 (00:15) Begin preparing now.

발화자 3 (00:20) I think, could this day this picture?

발화자 2 (01:03) Begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (01:06) I think this picture taken was at farm first thing I can see there are 4 people I think they are family in the middle of the picture, there are Grandmother hugging his grandchild on the left side, the mother is working and then right side the grandfather is digging

i think this picture taken at farm first thing i can see from this picture is some people gardening in the middle of the picture, i can see a woman holding a basket. Next to her, i can see a lady and a girl standing on the right of the picture, there is a man holding a garden tool in the background of the picture , i can see a lot of vegetables growing.

4번

발화자 2 (01:38) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (02:28) I think this picture taken at cafe the first thing I can see the 2 people looking each other and sitting at the desk. in the middle of the picture, I can see sitting at the 2 people sitting at the desk. and Talk about something on the table there are Cola and bag. in the background of the picture, There are a forest and rain.

this is a picture taken indoors. the first thing i can see from this picture is 2 people sitting at the table they are facing each other and looking at each other. one of them is woman. she is wearing shorts and a top the other is man. on the table, i can see a bag, a can and some food. in the background of the picture, i can see big windows.

발화자 1 (03:00) In this part of the test, you will answer 3 questions for each question, you will have 3 seconds to prepare your response. Then you will have 15 seconds to respond to question 5 and 6 and 30 seconds to respond to question 7, imagine that a lifestyle magazine is preparing an article. You have agreed to participate in a telephone interview about the internet.

발화자 1 (03:24) How often do you surf the internet and what is your favorite website?

발화자 2 (03:29) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

5번

발화자 3 (03:38) I normally serf the internet almost everyday. My favorite website is YouTube.

I surf the internet almost every day and My favorit website is Google because the website is very convenient and useful.

발화자 1 (03:55) Do you prefer to surf the internet at home or other public places like cafes and school?

발화자 2 (04:01) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

6번

발화자 3 (04:10) I prefer to surf the internet at home because home is comfortable and

I prefer to surf the internet at home because i can focus better at home.

I prefer to surf the internet at home because i can focus better when i surf the internet at home.

7번

발화자 1 (04:28) For which of the following reasons do you use the internet? Why is that searching for the information reading books online playing online games?

발화자 2 (04:39) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (04:49) I think search for him. The information is most important first. Tell her I can and also.

searching for the information is most important First, i can get a lot of imformation on the internet.

i use the internet for playing online games. First, it relieves my stress. <- 여가 활동 관련 표현
i'm stressed out these days, so, i need this Also, i can play games with my friends on the internet and it's very fun and entertaning.

발화자 1 (05:20) In this part of the test, you will answer 3 questions based on the information provided, you will have 45 seconds to read the information before the questions begin for each question. You will have 3 seconds to prepare your response. You will have 15 seconds to respond to questions 8 and 9 and 30 seconds to respond to question 10

발화자 2 (05:43) Begin preparing now.

8번

발화자 1 (06:31) Hi, this is Ralph and I'm planning to attend the new employee training program held on May 5th. Can you answer a couple questions regarding the program? What is the first thing on the schedule and when does it begin.

발화자 2 (06:45) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (06:53) the first program is effective video conference and conference Calls. It will be held from 9 to 10 AM

there is a lecture on Effective video conference an conference calls and it will start at 9am

9번

발화자 1 (07:11) I am supposed to be in a team meeting for new employees that day. What time will the team meeting be held?

발화자 2 (07:18) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (07:32) It will be held from 3 to 4 PM.

actually, there were supposed to be team meetings for new employees at 1pm but it has been canceled.

10번

발화자 1 (07:44) As far as I know, I have to deal with several sessions regarding video conference. Can you tell me about them in detail? Now, listen again as far as I know, I have to deal with several sessions regarding video conference.

발화자 1 (07:59) Can you tell me about them in detail?

발화자 2 (08:03) Begin preparing, now, begin speaking now.

발화자 3 (08:12) Either beheld at from 2 from 2 to 3 PM. The program is actual video conference, new company policies and regular regulation.

Yes, There are two sessions First from 9 to 10 am, there is a lecture on effective video confer~ Next, from 2 to 3pm, there is an actual Video confer

11번

발화자 1 (08:43) In this part of the test, you will give your opinion about a specific topic. Be sure to say as much as you can in the time allowed you will have 45 seconds to prepare your response. Then you will have 60 seconds to speak, do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

발화자 1 (09:02) Leaders should have a good sense of humor in order to succeed. Use specific reasons and details to support your opinion.

발화자 3 (10:05) I agree to leader should have a good sense of humor in order to succeed. Let me explain this way. Most of all, our leader, if if leader had good sense of humor the employees, the employees are taken in a Fe.

You're uncomfortable so they work hard and make a good succeed for my For my call, my experience when I was high school, they're a good teacher in my classroom. So what's all blow waffle on the top leaders?

답변

I agree with the statement Let me explain why i think this way Most of all, if leaders have a good sense of humor, they can make a friendly work atmosphere. From my experience, i used to work at a company, My manager had a good sense of humor. it was great because he made a friendly work atmosphere, so we worked more efficiently on top of that, leaders can be good team players and make good relationships withe others if they have a good sense of humor

Most of all, if ~ , they can ~ 만능 문장 From my experience, 내가 언제, 그랬는데 For me, it was great because 만능 문장 on top of that, 만능문장 According to recent news report , the majority of Sucessful CEO in korea said that leaders should have a good sense of humor because they can make a friendly work atmosphere

• 경험 얘기* when i was a high school when i was an elementary school student when i was a college student i used to work at company

manager : 직장 상사

사람의 특징에 대해서 얘기 하는 유형

특징별로 카테고리화 해서 이유, 문장을 준비해야 한다.

만능답변 They can make a friendly work atmosphere

They can communicate wuth others betters.

They can be good team players and make good relationships others.

Employees can work more efficiently and productively

[출처] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZZvBoU5n9Y

Q11 준비시간 30초 / 답변시간 30초 준비시간 60초 배점 5점

1. 문제해석과 이해

1. 파트5를 위해서 가장 중요한 것은 문제에 대한 적절한 답변
2. 긴장하지 않고 문제를 이해하는 것이 중요
3. 문제를 이해하는데 10초, 15초 이내로 문제를 해석

2. 아이디어 생각하기 - 준비시간중 아이디어 생각이 Best

파트 5 만능 템플릿, 파트3 만능 문장 50

이유 2개를 문장으로 생각해내면 Best

연습문제

What are the advantages of learning how to play musical instruments for teenager? Use specific reasons and examples to surpport your opnions 이유와 예시를 들으라고 말했음

만능 문장

1. They can learn new things.
2. They can have a lot of (new) experience and broaden their perspective.

노트에 learn new things have exp and broaden their perspe

파트5 채점기준

1. 의견이 명확해야 한다. 결론부터 말 한다. 두괄식, 결론부터 말하기
2. 이유와 예시를 들어 주장을 확실히
3. 아이디어가 일관적이고 논리적
4. 명료한 전달, 발음, 강세, 억양에서의 전달력 / 문법적 실수가 많아서 전달에 문제 / 원어민이 이해하지 못하는 문장을 사용하지 말 것
5. 동문 서답 금지

답변 유형

1. 서론 동의/비동의
2. 연결문장, 왜 그렇게 생각하는지 말해주겠다.
3. 이유1, 첫 번째로 학생들은 많은 경험을 할 수 있고 견문을 넓힐 수 있다. 3-1 예시1, 제 경험에 비추어 보았을때 ~
4. 이유2, 게다가 언어, 문화에 대해 배울 수 있다. 4-1 예시2, 최근 뉴스에 따르면 어쩌구 저쩌구

1. IM3~IH 목표

문제에 적합한 답변을 채점자가 알아 듣게 말하는 것이 중요! 모범 답안의 70~80%

2. AL~AM 목표

1. 완성도 1) 파트5 만능 문장을 2 문장 이상 다양하게 이용 2) 만능 문장 50의 쉬운 문장들도 이용 3) 만능 문장 적용해서 답변하는 연습

2. 구체성 어려운 답변 X, 구체적인 답변 O

Example

레벨6) From my experience, i studied overseas. 레벨7) From my experience, i studied in japan as an exchange student last years. 구체성이 포함됨.

만능 문장을 변형해야 하는 이유

1. 구체화 해서 문제에 가까워 질 수록 동문서답을 안하게 됨.
2. 문제와 현실성, 구체성, 완성도 논리까지 해야 고득점

만능 문장 변형 They can learn new things -> teenagers cna leran new things such as music skills

such as social skill, couputing skills, music skills... etc

They can have a lot of (new) experience and broaden their perspective. -> teenagers can have a lot of (new) experience and broaden their perspective.

템플릿 배우기

서론

문제의 결론부터 말한다.

연결문장

Let me explain why i think this way

이유1

Most of all, 첫 번째 이유 S+V (if S+V)

예시1

From my experience S + V

이유2

On top of that, 두 번째 이유 S+V 게다가 두 번째 이유, S+V (if S+V)

예시2

According to a recent news report, the majority of people in korea said that S+V

결론

Therefore, 서론 문장 반복

템플릿 적용

What are the advantages of learning how to play musical instruments for teenager?

1. 서론 i think there are some advantages of learning how to play musical instruments for teenagers

2. 연결문장 Let me explain why i think this way

3. 이유1 Most of all, teenagers can learn newthings such as music skills

4. 예시1 From my experience, when i was a high school student i took a piano lessons.

                        i learned how to play musical instruments.

   for me, it was very helpful because i learned new things such as piano skills and music skills

5. 이유2 on top of that, S+V On top of that, teenagers can have a lot of new experiences and broaden their perspective

6. 예시2 According to a recent news report, the majority of 사람들 in Korea said that S+V(if/when S+V)

S+V

1. learning how to play musical instruments is very beneficial
2. there are many advantages of learning how to play musical instruments for teenagers because they can have a lot of experience and broaden their perspective.

사람들 Sucessful CEO's / People / Teenagers 전문가나 문제에 관련있는 사람들 Teachers /

According to a recent news report, the majority of education experts in Korea said that leraning how to play musical inst~~ is very beneficial for teenagers because teenagers can have a lot of experience and broaden their perspectives (when they learn how to play musical instruments)

7. 결론 Therefore, i think this way Therefore, there are some advantages of learning how to play musical instruments for teenagers

생략

1. 서론 - 연결문장 - 이유1 - 예시1 - on the top of that + 예시2(
2. 서론 - 연결문장 - 이유1 - 예시1 - 이유2(뉴스자료)
3. 서론 - 연결문장 - 이유1 - 예시1

1. 한명의 사람이 나오는 사진

인물이 한명이라서 자세하게 묘사해야하는 어려움

2. 2인의 묘사

3. 다수의 사람 묘사 <- 가장 어려움

Part 2 만점

1. 빈출 표현을 입을 움직여서 암기
2. 지엽적, 한가지 대상만 오래 묘사하는 것 X 핵심적이고 전반적인 묘사 O 공통 문장을 사용하여 한번에 표현
3. 모르는 단어는 더 큰 범위의 단어로 표현 a hammer --> a tool

템플릿

1. 서론

this is a picture taken at/in 장소 -> at은 특정 장소 in은 실내공간 this is a picture taken indoors this is a picture taken outdoors. 이 사진이 어디서 찍혀진 사진 인지 말하기

2. 전체요약

The first thing i can see from this picture is 대표적인 사물/사람

3. 세부사항

상하좌우로 나눠서 사진을 설명하기 시작.

in the foreground of the picture, there are 사람/사물 i can see 사람/사물

there is / are / i can see 단/복수

in the middle of the picture, there is/are 사람/사물 i can see 단/복수 명사

on the left side of the picture, theree is/are 사람/사물 i can see 단/복수 명사

in the backfround of the picture, there is/are 사람/사물 i can see 단/복수 명사

4. 마무리 (1인 유형을 제외하고는 생략하는 것을 추천)

Overall, it seems/looks like 주어 동사 전반적으로, 주어가 동사하는 것처럼 보인다.

Overall, it seems/looks like the woman is busy

연습문제 1 한명

서론 -> 요약 -> 인물묘사 -> 기타 묘사 -> 마무리

this is a picture taken in cafe / taken indoors the first thing i can see from this picture is a woman sitting at a desk

she is writing something. she has long hair and she is wearing a blue shirt. 츠가 아니라 트

in the left side of the picture i can see laptop on the desk in the middle of the picture there is woman writing something

in front of beside = next to 의 옆에 behind ~의 뒤에

in front of her, i can see a laptop and a notebook in the background of the picture, i can see big windows, a lamp and a sofa.

연습문제 2 두명

서론 전체요약 인물묘사 기타 사물

this picture taken outdoors the first thing i can see from this picture is two people sitting at a table they are looking at each other an wearing suits. on the left side of the picture, there is a man sitting in front of his laptop on the right side of the picture, there is a woman. on the table, i can see a laptop and a smartphone

one of them the other

연습문제 3 다수 <-- 가장 중요

묶어서 대답하는게 좋음.

this is a picture taken outdoors the first thing i can see from this picture is three men smiling one of them is wearing a white cap. the rest of them have blond hair all of them are wearing casual clothes. formal clothes : 정장 in the background of the picture, i can see a moutain, a lake and some people resting

a cardigan, a sweater , a dress one of them 한명이 눈에 띌 때

the rest of them, the others : 나머지 사람들

all of them

some of them : 그들 중 일부 Most of them : 그들 중 대부분 All of them : 그들 모두

part 1 - read a text aloud Q1, Q2 45초 준비 45초 답변 영어 지문 읽어서 청자에게 전달

part 2 - Describe a picture Q3, Q4 45초 준비, 30초 답변 템플릿에 단어 넣어서 사진을 묘사하기 <- 빠른 마스터 ㄱ ㅏ능

part 3 - Respond to Questions Q5, Q6, Q7 준비 3초 / 3초 / 3초 / 답변 15, 15, 30초 질문에 답변하기 템플릿사용해서 답변하기 때문에 5,6은 쉬움 7번 50%는 프리토킹 50%는 템플릿 커버 가능

Part 4 - Respont to Quesstions using information provided Q8, Q9, Q10 준비 각 3초 / 답변 15, 15, 30초 제공된 정보 보고 답하기 노하우만 익히면 쉬움

part 5 - Express an opinion Q11 준비 45초 / 답변 60초 Q7과 같이 의견말하기 50%는 프리토킹 50%는 템플릿

5개의 유형 11개의 문제중에서 프리토킹은 단 2 Q7, Q11

Part 1

영어 말하기에 대한 평가 단순히 잘 읽으면 되는데 발음은 크게 중요하지 않은듯

Part 2

사진에 대한 묘사

1. 사진 촬영 장소에 대해 설명 1-2. 사진속 장소가 명확하지 않을 때, this picture was taken outdoors VS this picture was taken indoors

2. 사진 속 요소를 하나씩 설명 Well, Firstly, i see two horses leading a carriage the horseman is sitting in front of thr carriage

In the background, i can see a building structure. and there are many trees full of leaves. also, i notice a trash can

3. 사진 속 날씨/ 분위기 설명 Everything in this picture seems peaceful the weather looks so beatiful. i think it's Europe

Registering All Outout Block Output에 Reg를 연결하여 Delay 해결하는 방법

1. set_driving_cell my_flop [all_input]
2. set_input_delay 2 -clock CLK

Synthesis 3

implementing the Design Function

Technology libraries는 최적화시 Target libraries로 Mapping target lib는 Netlist나 Design 동작 조건 같은 Cell

Resolving Cell References

Linking 과정 중 reference를 link lib에 연결 link libraries는 Timing 값과 path delay를 계산한다.

Symbol libraries

Specifying Libraries

Target library

Translate할때 사용 DC는 기능적으로 정확한 GATE를 target library에서 선택함. <- 이 선택된 GATE를 통해 Timing Delay 계산

link library

library list를 명시하고 dc는 이 라이브러리를 linking하는 과정에서 사용 delay models를 define하고 Timing Value와 path delay 계산

local library

wire load selection group, wire load mdel, net delay의 계산 physical Synthesis

library loading

read_file my_lib.db read_file my_lib.sdb

listing Library

list_libs 명령어를 사용하면 현재 사용하고 있는 lib을 볼 수 있음.

reporting library contents

report_lib으로 라이브러리 내용을 확인하는 것이 가능

specifying library objects

**[file:] library/cell/[pin]

file : technology file name

EX) set_dont_use my_lib/AND3

EX2) set_disable_timing [get_pins my_lib/AND4/Z] my_lib library안에 AND4의 Z핀을 사용하지 말라는 뜻

[출처] https://gakari.tistory.com/entry/Chapter4-Working-With-Libraries

Logic Synthesis

RTL Level -> Gate Level Cell Delay에 대한 Timing Closure

Physical Synthesis

P&R 이후의 DEF, QRC wire 고려하여 Synthesis

Cadence QRC is the parasitic RCL (resistance, capacitance, and inductance) extraction tool which is valuable and powerful to help IC designers to complete both digital- and transistor-level circuit design and assure on-time tapeout.

Fusion Compiler

[출처] Synopsys

BIST(Built in Self Test)

Test를 위한 Test 수단 삽입 JTAG, IJATG 필요 Mentor Graphics사의 Tessent

Memory BIST(MBIST)

DFT

Fault의 검출 목적 ATE 장비를 이용하여 Chip test를 진행 <- 이때를 위해 Scan Cell 삽입 Scan Chain 구성 ATPG 및 ATPG Simulation Tool : Design Compiler

Power Synthesis

Power를 줄이기 위한 Synthesis UPF or CPF(Cadence)
Compiler NXT

UPF(Unified Power Format)

반도체의 효율적인 전력 설계/검증/구현을 위해 사용하는 방법론 혹은 언어 상대적으로 높은 수준에서 설계의 의로를 반영한 설계

파워 레일을 개별 블록으로 라우팅하는지, 블록의 전원을 켜거나 끌 것으로 예상되는 시기, 신호가 한 파워 도메인에서 다른 파워 도메인으로 교차할 때 전압 레벨을 어떻게 전환해야 하는지, 레지스터 및 도메인에 대한 기본 전원 공급 장치가 제거된 경우 메모리 셀 내용을 다룸.

관련 자료 https://ettrends.etri.re.kr/ettrends/182/0905182006/35-2_69-78.pdf https://m.blog.naver.com/jdancor/223047286825

Synthesis 2

Synthesis = Translation + Mapping + Optimization [출처] https://gakari.tistory.com/entry/Chapter2-Design-Compiler-Basics

Synthesis Flow

1. Specify libraries Design Compiler가 사용할 lib(db파일) 지정 Target lib, link lib, Symbol lib 선언

2. Read Design analyze, elaborate, read_file

3. Define design environment Operating Condition(PVT), Wire load model, System I/F 지정

4. Compile 전략

5. SDC 설정

6. Compile 명령어를 사용한 Synthesis, Optimize

7. Analyze and Optimize Design report를 확인하고 Debug

8. Write 명령어를 통한 저장

Design Compiler

logic, Symbol, library 사용해서 합성

logic_library : optimization하는 중에 Target lib을 불러서 Mapping

target_library : Standard Cell db file netlist를 만들 때 사용하는 Cell link library의 subset이고 Design을 Translate할 때 사용

link_library : Standard Cell db file, IO PAD db file, IP db delay models를 define하고 Timing Values와 Path Delay 계산

Physical Synthesis

wire delay 계산하여 Net delay 적용

Elaboration

Top을 기준으로 합쳐줌 사용하지 않는 코드제거 Clock gating candidate 식별

QoS (quality of Service)

Compile

Compile_ultra

Compile Strategies

1. Patitioning이 합성에 정확한지 확인 -> RTL 계층 구조 분할 잘 하면 최적화 향상
2. Constratins 정확하게 설정
3. 좋은 Synthesis library 사용
4. Multi Cycle, False path 잘 식별하기
5. instantiate Clock gating elements
6. Optionally, define scan Style
7. 전략 7-1 Top Down Compilation 7-2 Bottom up Compilation 7-3 Mixed Compile

리눅스 파일 시스템

gui 그래픽카드 인텔리젼스 모바이썬

이번에 쓰는 리눅스는 우분투가아니라 다른걸 사용

코드 정리

cd 파일 이름 pwd 명령어: 리눅스에서 작업 디렉터리 위치를 확인하는 방법 로지컬 위치와 피지컬 위치의 차이

ls 현재 디렉토리의 내용을 출력 명령어 옵션 l a i ...

grep

mkdir 폴더를 생성하는 커맨드 mkdir synopsys쓰면 굳 mkdir /(절대경로) 경로 지정해서 생성

rm 지우기

cp 파일 복사하는 코드 옵션 i f r

mv 파일 이름을 바꾸기, 파일을 다른 디렉토리로 이동 i 파일이 있는경우 overwrite에 대해서 물어봄

permission commands - chmod change the permissin mode of a file 지정된 파일 및 디렉토리에 대한 접근 모드 변경 ch모드라고 함

History 대부분의 쉘에서 제공되는 기능 환경변수 설정 자기가 쓴 명령이 보는게 가능함.

Alias 축약어 생성, 특정 명령어를 간편하게 변경하기 위해서 사용하는 코드

Vi Editor 명령모드

gvim {파일이름 아무거나}

명령모드: 커서 이동, 문자열 수정, copy&paste 명령에 따른 버튼을 누르면 바로 실행됨 입력모드: 내용을 입력할 수 있는 모드, 명령모드에서 a,l,o를 눌러 진입하고 esc로 나감 i로 입력모드 w는 저장 q는 나가기 wq는 저장하고 나가기

vi의 명령어 명령모드에서 u누르면 ctrl+z의 역할

source + 코드 어떤 파일을 저장할때 바로 적용하기 위해서 쓰는 코드 ex) source ./zrat

파라미터 & quotation

Sync FIFO

AXI4 검증환경

AXI4 - lite

AXI4 - Stream

AXI4 - Full

1. Vistis - AI

개발 플랫폼 AMD의 FPGA board, 가속기에 AI 인퍼런스를 가능하게 해주는 것 라이브러리 pytorch, Tensorflow, onnx를 학습 시키면서 가능하게 해줌.

FP32 - Quantization(양자화) - neural.network <-적은 메모리의 bandwitdh

컴파일 이후 PPV에서 모델을 돌리게 된다.

Quantization?

여기서 우리가 사용하는 Quantization은 32bit - FP weights를 fixed INT8로 바꿔주어 속도, bandwitdh, 효율을 높여준다.

Compiler?

AI모델을 DPU instructions로 변환시켜준다.

2. KV-260

SOM의 중요성

System on Module

1. AXI4 공부 <- 이게 제일 클듯

2. NPU 만들기 <- 친구랑 만들거 같음. 2-1. CNN 설계 <- 이거 먼저하고 NPU 해야할거 같음.

3. Pipeline RISC-V 만든거에 AXI4 탑재, 그리고 Synthesis랑 STA

4. Design Compiler랑 PrimeTime 공부

5. ICC2 공부 <--- 이거는 추가

6. Pipeline RISC-V ASIC 설계 Syn -> STA -> P&R -> Physical Syn -> STA -> P&R -> Post STA 순서로 진행보고 싶은게 목표 <- 아마 2월? 예상

위에가 12월에 하고 싶은거였고 결국에는 4번, 3번은 완료했고 1월에는 아마 AXI위주로 공부하지 않을까?? 싶네용

MP : 일반적인 주제 What / Feeling / Why <- 3개 중에 1~3 포함 Action

Q1. what kinds of appointment do you make in your life? where do you go to make your appoints?

Appoints = 예약, 사람한테 예약 / reservation(후불) , booking(선불) <- 사람 아님

Descrpition / habit / Comparsion Someone else

Past experience 무조건 Someone else

Enjoy, Cool

Conclusion

Q2. what do you normally do when you go to coffee shops? Do you have meetings or gatherings there? Tell me what you like to do.

1. Um...
2. And Um....
3. And so....

i enjoy chatting with my friends at cafe. Enjoyable i really like the cafe vibe by the way i really like his vibe.

Here in Korea, there are so many adorable cafes in here 멘붕할때는 Anyway, anyways, anyhow -quick comparison strategy

i never went to cafe before i thought it was too expensive

but now / these days / i really like / i really love to

정리) Habit i enjoy chatting** with my friends at cafe** <- action, 행동

quick comparison strategy

1. i didn't go cafe because price of coffee is too expensive but these day, i really like to

2. but in the past, i usually went to cafes ALONE you know what? it's was so boring i hated it

   so these days i alway fo with someone usally a friend/ conversation / coffe

1. AXI4 공부 <- 이게 제일 클듯

2. NPU 만들기 <- 친구랑 만들거 같음. 2-1. CNN 설계 <- 이거 먼저하고 NPU 해야할거 같음.

3. Pipeline RISC-V 만든거에 AXI4 탑재, 그리고 Synthesis랑 STA

4. Design Compiler랑 PrimeTime 공부

LOAD : 메모리 -> reg Store: reg -> 메모리

Data Transfer Illustration

1 pc 값 0x0000 2 pc 값에 해당하는 명령어를 읽음. 3 lw x2, 4(x5)면 x5에 해당하는 reg의 값에 +4를 해준 주소를 메모리에서 읽어서 메모리의 값을 data_bus를 타고 x2에 써줌.

lw, load기 때문에 memory에서 reg operation 끗

4 pc값 0x0004가 증가. 5 lw x3, 8(x5)를 가져옴. 6 x5에 해당하는 값에 8을 더해서 0x0018로 만들어줌. data bus를 타고 메모리의 0x0018에 해당하는 겂을 reg x3에 써줌.

7 pc값 0x0008로 증가 8 add x2,x2,x3 가져옴 9 x2, x3를 더해서 x3에 저장하는 process x2의 값에 덮어씀

byte Addr

주소가 8byte마다 1씩 올라감. 32bit로 보면 4씩 올라감.

물리적인게 아니라 가상적인 것임.

word : 32bit를 의미한다..! CPU가 access한 최소 data의 단위는 1Byte

CPU명령마다 data의 단위가 다름.

Byte(8비트) 단위 LB, SB : char

Half Word(16비트) 단위 (LH, SH) : short , 2Byte

Word 단위 (Lw, SW) : int, 4Byte를 읽어오는 단위

float는 지원안함.

lw

lw rd, address lw t0, 24(s3)

s3에 저장되어있는 값을 읽어서 걔랑 24를 더한 것이 메모리의 주소 그 메모리 주소의 값을 읽어서 t0에 저장하는 것이 load

t0는 x5, s3는 x19임. lw는 i type 12bit가 imm : 24

rs1 : 19(x19)라서 // reg source

funct3 : 2 // 이거는 정해짐.

rd : 5 // reg destination

opcode : 3

imm이 24가 rs1의 x19의 값에 더해져서 rd에 값을 써준다.

rs1의 x19의 값은 32bit imm은 24는 12bit 둘이 더해줘야하는데 bit수 안 맞음 imm의 값에 sing extesion을 진행한다.

s3에 0x0000_0094가 저장되어 있다고 하면, +24해서 0x0000_00ac가 된다. 시작주소가

8bit라고 생각해보면 0x00ac -> 00ad -> 00ae -> 00af

lw가 32bit(4byte)여서 ac에서 af까지 읽음. af AA ae BB ad CC ae DD

리틀 앤디안, 빅앤디안 보통 리틀 앤디안 MSB ㅡ ㅡ ㅡ LSB // 이런 스타일임.

12bit -2048에서 2047까지 표현 가능 rs1의 들어있는 값과 imm에 있는 값을 더함.

imm의 표현범위가 -2048~2047까지의 범위 access가능 base addr에서

SW reg->memory

메모리에 쓰기 위해서 주소와 데이터 필요

sw rs2, address

sw t2, 8 (s3)

s type

imm이 나눠져있음

verilog code작성시 concacnation 합쳐야함.

hexadecimal을 보고 표 2개 보고 어셈블리어를 짤 줄 알아야함. 아마 시험

cpp-> complie -> as (assembler) -> linker -> loader
실행파일에는 실행파일이랑 메모리 주소 ./add 실행하면 loader에 탁 올라가면서 pc값이 탁탁탁 올라감.

lw x2, 80(zero)

0 + 80 = 80, 80번지에 들어있는 값을 읽어와서 x2라는 reg에 저장

pc값에서 읽어서 명령어가 튀어 나옴. 80은 imm이어서 명령어에 들어있음, 그냥 바로 나옴.

mux가 i type , r type 정해줌. ALU가 더해서 80이 튀어나옴. 80주소가 들어가면 memory에서 data가 튀어나옴.

readdata에서 튀어나와서 reg file에 다시 저장됨.

lw

1 patch pc값에 들어가서 명령어를 가져오는 것

2 decode 명령어를 분석해서 ALU로 들어가는 값 대기 시키기

3 ex ALU가 계산해서

4 MEM read data에서 MEM나오는 것

5 WB reg file에 다시 저장됨.

store

pc값이 나오고

imm에서 84가 나오는데 decode

ALU 계산되는게 exe 84나온느게

store는 쓰는 것 x2에서 data를 가져와서 memory에 써줌. mem

store는 wb가 없음.

add같은 경우는 mem이 없고 store는 wb가 없음

load는 다 있음

single cycle은 문제가 없음

multicycle은 문제가 있음 controller를 fsm으로 설계해야함. 명령어 보고 state machine이 갈 길이 달라짐.

RISC-V Memory Map 예

32bit

lw, sw 읽을 수 있는 범위 32bit

2^32 한줄이 8bit, 2^32이니까 4G byte

32g DRAM을 붙여도 4G가만 씀

OS에 맞는 프로그램을 깔아야함. 프로그램을 읽는 주소는 PC

data가 차지하는 영역은 Global과 Dynamic으로 바뀜

Global data는 전역변수

Dynamic은 main 내부, 함수 내부 , stack

GP, Global data

lw x2, 80(GP)

표현가능 범위가 -2048~2047

static

static 붙이면 전역변수가 댐.

함수 밖으로 나와있는

대부분은 Dynamic으로 들어감.

main, local에 들어가는 애들은 다 stack으로 dynamic data에 들어감.

계산할 data가 많으면 memory에 넣고 다시 끌어와야함.

int, stack에서 위에서부터 저장

malloc은 heap 아래에서 부터 저장

Exception Handlers

예외 사항이 발생하면 여기있는 코드가 작동 함.